Genetic variability and trait association in maize (Zea mays L.) varieties for growth and yield traits

The present study was carried out to study the variation, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance, correlation among traits for growth, yield, and its attributing traits in maize genotypes. Ten maize genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications from June 2019 to September 2019. The results indicated that the genotypes were significantly different for all traits. For all traits, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The grain yield showed the highest PCV (26.91%) and GCV (25.9%) whereas leaf width at maturity showed the lowest PCV (4.07%) and GCV(6.05%). Genetic Advance over Mean (GAM) for the traits ranged from the lowest value (0.1%) for days to 50%anthesis to the highest value (51.36%) for grain yield. Higher values of heritability and GAM % were obtained for grain yield (0.93, 51.36%) and 1000 grain weight (0.99, 36.95%) whereas the lowest values of heritability andGAM% were found for leaf length (0.5, 7.25%) and leaf width (0.39, 5.25%). Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation with test weight (r = 0.706), cob length (r = 0.671), cob diameter (r = 0.573)and number of rows per cob (r = 0.539), respectively. Therefore, traits having high variation can be used as selection indices for indirect selection for the improvement of maize productivity.

Automated summary

The study aimed to investigate the variation, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation among traits in maize genotypes. Results showed significant differences among genotypes for growth, yield, and related traits, with grain yield having the highest variation and leaf width at maturity the lowest. Traits like grain yield and 1000 grain weight demonstrated higher heritability and genetic advance percentages, while leaf length and width had lower values. Grain yield exhibited positive correlations with test weight, cob length, cob diameter, and number of rows per cob, suggesting their potential for indirect selection to improve maize productivity.