Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 113, Issue 6, Pages 984-995Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514004401
Keywords
Inflammation; Diet; Obesity; BMI; Waist circumference; Waist; height ratio
Categories
Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- Biomedical Research of the Spanish Government [RTIC G03/140]
- CIBERobn
- RTIC [RD 06/0045]
- Cancer Prevention and Control from the Cancer Training Branch of the National Cancer Institute [K05 CA136975]
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares [CNIC 06/2007]
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [PI04-2239, PI05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI07/0473, PI10/01407, PI11/01647, PI1102505]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AGL-2009-13906-C02, AGL2010-22319-C03]
- Fundacion Mapfre
- Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and Generalitat Valenciana [ACOMP06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151, CS2010-AP-111, CS2011-AP-042]
- ISCIII [CES09/030]
- Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya)
- Research Foundation on Wine and Nutrition (FIVIN)
- Beer and Health Foundation
- European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB)
- Cerveceros de Espana and Sanofi-Aventis
- Novartis
- California Walnut Commission
- Flora Foundation (Unilever)
- Roche
- Amgen
- Damm
- Abbott Laboratories
- Merck
- Aegerion
- AstraZeneca
- Danone
- Pace
- Rottapharm
- Ferrer
- Recordati
- Daiichi Sankyo
- Feiraco
- Karo Bio
- Nutrexpa
- Pfizer
- Synageva
- Takeda
- Unilever
- International Nut and Dried Fruit Council
- Eroski
- Nestle
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between the DII and BMI, waist circumference and waist: height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7236 participants recruited into the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea trial. Information from a validated 137-item FFQ was used to calculate energy, food and nutrient intakes. A fourteen-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate differences (and 95% CI) in BMI, waist circumference and WHtR across the quintiles of the DII. All nutrient intakes, healthy foods and adherence to the MeDiet were higher in the quintile with the lowest DII score (more anti-inflammatory values) except for intakes of animal protein, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat. Although an inverse association between the DII and total energy was apparent, the DII was associated with higher average BMI, waist circumference and WHtR after adjusting for known risk factors. The adjusted difference in the WHtR for women and men between the highest and lowest quintiles of the DII was 1.60% (95% CI 0.87, 2.33) and 1.04% (95% CI 0.35, 1.74), respectively. Pro-inflammatory scores remained associated with obesity after controlling for the effect that adherence to a MeDiet had on inflammation. In conclusion, the present study shows a direct association between the DII and indices of obesity, and supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms.
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