Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Volume 32, Issue 7, Pages 1024-1037Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0956797620985832
Keywords
cognitive processes; auditory perception; language; memory; hallucinations; open materials; preregistered
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust [WT108720]
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [GNT1060664]
- NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship [GNT1154651]
- NHMRC [GNT1161609]
- Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [AZV 17-32957A]
- project Sustainability for the National Institute of Mental Health [LO1611]
- European Research Council [693124]
- Helse-Vest Samarbeidsorganet [912045]
- Research Council of Norway (Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research) [213363]
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Hallucinatory experiences were found to be associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences. These findings are important for improving reproducibility in hallucinations research.
Hallucinatory experiences can occur in both clinical and nonclinical groups. However, in previous studies of the general population, investigations of the cognitive mechanisms underlying hallucinatory experiences have yielded inconsistent results. We ran a large-scale preregistered multisite study, in which general-population participants (N = 1,394 across 11 data-collection sites and online) completed assessments of hallucinatory experiences, a measure of adverse childhood experiences, and four tasks: source memory, dichotic listening, backward digit span, and auditory signal detection. We found that hallucinatory experiences were associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples needs to be investigated.
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