Journal
LIFE-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/life11070698
Keywords
gut microbiome; gut-brain axis; neurodegenerative disease; prebiotics foods
Categories
Funding
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Joint Council Office (JCO) [BMSI-80003-SBIC-OOE]
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea [1525011845]
- Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1, Singapore
- National University of Singapore iHealthtech Microbiome in Health, Disease and Ageing
- NUS iHeathtech Other Operating Expenses, Singapore [R-722-001-038-731]
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Recent studies have shown that gut dysbiosis may precede the onset of cognitive deficits, highlighting the importance of the balance between pathogenic microbes and probiotic populations for systemic inflammation and neuronal health. The gut microbiome can be influenced by lifestyle and dietary choices, offering opportunities for treatment through individual-specific control of human behavior. Early dietary interventions may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
The central nervous system was classically perceived as anatomically and functionally independent from the other visceral organs. But in recent decades, compelling evidence has led the scientific community to place a greater emphasis on the role of gut microbes on the brain. Pathological observations and early gastrointestinal symptoms highlighted that gut dysbiosis likely precedes the onset of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The delicate balance in the number and functions of pathogenic microbes and alternative probiotic populations is critical in the modulation of systemic inflammation and neuronal health. However, there is limited success in restoring healthy microbial biodiversity in AD and PD patients with general probiotics interventions and fecal microbial therapies. Fortunately, the gut microflora is susceptible to long-term extrinsic influences such as lifestyle and dietary choices, providing opportunities for treatment through comparatively individual-specific control of human behavior. In this review, we examine the impact of restrictive diets on the gut microbiome populations associated with AD and PD. The overall evidence presented supports that gut dysbiosis is a plausible prelude to disease onset, and early dietary interventions are likely beneficial for the prevention and treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
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