Journal
TOXICS
Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060121
Keywords
invasive macroalgae; marine species; biochemical markers; warming scenario
Categories
Funding
- CESAM [UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020]
- FCT/MEC
- FEDER [PTDC/CTA-AMB/30495/2017, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030495]
- FCT/MCTES
- FCT
- POPH/FSE (Programa Operacional Potencial Humano/Fundo Social Europeu) [PD/BD/127808/2016]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PD/BD/127808/2016, PTDC/CTA-AMB/30495/2017] Funding Source: FCT
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Ocean warming and biological invasions are threatening coastal ecosystems, potentially interacting with each other. The spread of non-indigenous species poses a major challenge to biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Short-term exposure to the exudate of an invasive red seaweed affects the oxidative stress and neurophysiology of mussels, with a potential for increased toxic effects under warming conditions.
Ocean warming and biological invasions are among the most pervasive factors threatening coastal ecosystems with a potential to interact. Ongoing temperature rise may affect physiological and cellular mechanisms in marine organisms. Moreover, non-indigenous species spread has been a major challenge to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. The invasive red seaweed Asparagopsis armata has become successfully established in Europe. Its exudate has been considered deleterious to surrounding native species, but no information exists on its effect under forecasted temperature increase. This study evaluated the combined effects of temperature rise and A. armata exudate exposure on the native mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Oxidative stress, neurophysiological and metabolism related biomarkers were evaluated after a 96 h-exposure to exudate (0% and 2%) under present (20 degrees C) and warming (24 degrees C) temperature scenarios. Short-term exposure to A. armata exudate affected the oxidative stress status and neurophysiology of the mussels, with a tendency to an increasing toxic action under warming. Significant oxidative damage at protein level was observed in the digestive gland and muscle of individuals exposed simultaneously to the exudate and temperature rise. Thus, under a climate change scenario, it may be expected that prolonged exposure to the combined action of both stressors may compromise M. galloprovincialis fitness and survival.
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