Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 18, Issue 6, Pages 1581-1589Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5gc01977j
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science through the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-PS02-06ER64304]
- National Science Foundation [2013142496]
- Ford Motor Company
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A major challenge to economically produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is to achieve industrially relevant ethanol titers (>50 g L-1) to control operating and capital costs for downstream ethanol operations while maintaining high ethanol yields. However, due to reduced fermentation effectiveness at high biomass solids loadings, excessive amounts of enzymes are typically required to obtain reasonable ethanol titers, thereby trading off reduced operating and capital costs with high enzyme costs. In this study, we applied our newly developed Co-Solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) pretreatment to produce highly digestible glucan-rich solids from corn stover. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was then applied to pretreated solids from CELF at 15.5 wt% solids loadings (corresponding to 11 wt% glucan loadings) in modified shake flasks to achieve an ethanol titer of 58.8 g L-1 at 89.2% yield with an enzyme loading of 15 mg-protein per g-glucan-in-raw-corn-stover (-RCS) in only 5 days. By comparison, SSF of corn stover solids from dilute acid pretreatment at 18.3 wt% solids loading (or 10 wt% glucan loading) only achieved an ethanol titer and a yield of 47.8 g L-1 and 73.0%, respectively, despite needing longer fermentation times (similar to 20 days) and an additional 18 h of prehydrolysis at 50 degrees C. Remarkably, although longer fermentation times were required at more economical enzyme loadings of 5 and 2 mg-protein per g-glucan-in-RCS, high solids SSF of CELF pretreated corn stover realized final ethanol titers consistently above 50 g L-1 and yields over 80%.
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