Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages 2341-2352Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5gc03121d
Keywords
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Funding
- International S&T Cooperation Program of China [2014DFA61670]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21210006, 21576269, 21276260, 21406230]
- External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences [GJHZ201306]
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To produce basic chemicals from lignin, depolymerization and removal of oxygen from lignin through C-O cleavage and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) are crucial steps. In this study, a novel, pseudo-homogeneous catalyst system, consisting of uniformly stabilized noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) in ionic liquids is developed for the selective reductive cleavage of C-O and HDO. Phenol and guaiacol as lignin monomer model compounds are investigated to gain an insight into the possible HDO pathway, meanwhile, dimeric model compounds such as diphenyl ether and benzyl phenyl ether are studied for the cleavage of C-O bonds between aromatic units. Four types of NPs including Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru were synthesized in situ and well distributed in ILs without aggregation. These catalytic systems displayed almost 100% conversion for various monomeric and dimeric lignin model compounds at 130 degrees C and were recycled several times without loss of activity. The catalytic selectivity of metals for HDO/C-O cleavage normally decreases in the order of Pt > Rh similar to Ru >> Pd, which is similar to the order of NP size, Pd >> Pt > Rh similar to Ru. With a mean diameter of 5.6 nm, Pt NPs in [Bmim] PF6 are identified as the best catalytic system for the transformation of lignin monomeric and dimeric model compounds with an almost 100% conversion and maximum 97% selectivity.
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