The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis

Erna Ivarsdottir et al. report a genome-wide association meta-analysis for age-related hearing loss in the Icelandic and UK populations. They identify 21 novel variants, 13 of which are rare, and reveal a genetic correlation between age-related hearing loss and tinnitus. Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory disorder in older adults. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 121,934 ARHI cases and 591,699 controls from Iceland and the UK. We identified 21 novel sequence variants, of which 13 are rare, under either additive or recessive models. Of special interest are a missense variant in LOXHD1 (MAF = 1.96%) and a tandem duplication in FBF1 covering 4 exons (MAF = 0.22%) associating with ARHI (OR = 3.7 for homozygotes, P = 1.7 x 10(-22) and OR = 4.2 for heterozygotes, P = 5.7 x 10(-27), respectively). We constructed an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS) using common variants and showed that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants. Furthermore, we found that ARHI and tinnitus share genetic causes. This study sheds a new light on the genetic architecture of ARHI, through several rare variants in both Mendelian deafness genes and genes not previously linked to hearing.

Automated summary

The study conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis for age-related hearing loss in Icelandic and UK populations, identifying 21 novel variants and revealing a genetic correlation between age-related hearing loss and tinnitus. The research also introduced the concept of an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS), showing that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants.