Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages 9133-9143Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01398
Keywords
lithium ion-battery; extreme fast charging; cell design; material degradation; aging; electrochemical model; Li plating
Funding
- Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Argonne National Laboratory, which is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC [DE-AC07-05ID14517]
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Fast charging of electric vehicle batteries is crucial for increasing adoption rates, but is limited by battery aging. Research has shown that even slight variations in battery design and charging protocols can have significant impacts on battery aging, with as little as 2% change in porosity affecting aging pathways.
Fast charging of batteries for electric vehicles is seen as one of the most direct ways to enhance adoption. Currently, fast charging is limited by increased cell aging, which is primarily driven by Li plating and degradation of cathode materials. Here, using combined sets of experimental and computational analysis and a suite of different charge protocols, we begin to examine the interplay between failure mode, cell designs, and ultimately aging mechanisms. Slight variation in cell design and the subsequent impacts that charge protocols have on aging can create distinct cell-to-cell variation. As little as 2% difference in porosity change at the cell negative electrode during cycling due to early Li metal plating has been found to alter the aging pathway and either accelerate or inhibit the loss due to Li plating.
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