Journal
JOURNAL OF FUNGI
Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jof7070546
Keywords
Pneumocystis jirovecii; infants; co-infection; risk factor
Categories
Funding
- French Government under the Investissements d'avenir (Investments for the Future) program [10-IAHU-03]
- Region Provence Alpes Cote d'Azur
- European funding FEDER PRIMI
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This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe medically relevant information among children under 3 years old with Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, revealing cardiopulmonary pathologies, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and hyaline membrane disease as common underlying diseases with an overall mortality rate of 18.8%.
Few data are available in the literature regarding Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in children under 3 years old. This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe medically relevant information among them. All children under 3 years old treated in the same medical units from April 2014 to August 2020 and in whom a P. jirovecii evaluation was undertaken were enrolled in the study. A positive case was defined as a child presenting at least one positive PCR for P. jirovecii in a respiratory sample. Medically relevant information such as demographical characteristics, clinical presentation, microbiological co-infections, and treatments were collected. The objectives were to describe the characteristics of these children with P. jirovecii colonization/infection to determine the key underlying diseases and risk factors, and to identify viral respiratory pathogens associated. The PCR was positive for P. jirovecii in 32 children. Cardiopulmonary pathologies (21.9%) were the most common underlying disease in them, followed by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (18.8%), hyaline membrane disease (15.6%), asthma (9.4%) and acute leukaemia (6.3%). All SCID children were diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia. Co-infection with Pj/Rhinovirus (34.4%) was not significant. Overall mortality was 18.8%. Paediatric pneumocystis is not restricted to patients with HIV or SCID and should be considered in pneumonia in children under 3 years old.
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