Role of Epigenetics in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Epigenetic marks the genome by DNA methylation, histone modification or non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic marks instruct cells to respond reversibly to environmental cues and keep the specific gene expression stable throughout life. In this review, we concentrate on DNA methylation, the mechanism often associated with transgenerational persistence and for this reason frequently used in the clinic. A large study that included data from 10,000 blood samples detected 187 methylated sites associated with body mass index (BMI). The same study demonstrates that altered methylation results from obesity (OB). In another study the combined genetic and epigenetic analysis allowed us to understand the mechanism associating hepatic insulin resistance and non-alcoholic disease in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients. The study underlines the therapeutic potential of epigenetic studies. We also account for seemingly contradictory results associated with epigenetics.

Automated summary

Epigenetic marks the genome through DNA methylation, histone modification, or non-coding RNAs, guiding cells to respond to environmental cues and maintain stable gene expression. Studies have revealed associations between DNA methylation and conditions such as body mass index, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of epigenetic research.