Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070724
Keywords
TB; chest radiograph score; atopy; Th1; Th2
Categories
Funding
- National Medical Research Program [NSC88-2314-B-182A-038-, NSC89-2314-B-182A-162-, NSC89-2314-B-182A-028-]
- Chang Gung Medical Research Project [CMRP985, CMRPG3F1501, CMRPG3F1502]
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Active tuberculosis infection induces a higher Th1 response, which is associated with less severe chest radiographic changes. Th1 response is reduced in atopic patients with active TB infection and is attenuated after anti-TB treatment.
Type 1 CD4(+) T helper (Th1) cells mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and Th2 immunity generates specific immunoglobulin E upon allergen exposure. We investigated the impact of active tuberculosis (TB), atopic status, and anti-TB treatment on the balance between Th1 and Th2 (type 2 CD4(+) T helper) immunity. CD4(+)/interferon (IFN)-gamma(+) Th1 cells (%Th1) and CD4(+)/interleukin-4(+) Th2 cells (%Th2) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by flow cytometry. The BAL %Th1 was higher in TB patients at baseline, compared to that in non-TB subjects, and was further increased in TB patients after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. The stimulated BAL %Th1 was inversely correlated with the severity score of chest radiography in TB patients. Heat-killed Mtb triggered more IFN-gamma and nitrite production, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the Griess reaction, respectively, from the alveolar macrophages of TB patients than that of non-TB subjects. Non-atopic TB participants had a higher %Th1 in PBMCs, compared to atopic individuals, and their %Th1 decreased after 3-month anti-TB treatment. Th1 response is provoked by active TB infection, is associated with less severe radiographic changes, is reduced in atopic patients with active TB infection, and is attenuated after anti-TB treatment.
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