Recent advances in carbon nanomaterial-optimized perovskite solar cells

Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite architectures have shown tremendous potential in the photovoltaic (PV) device community owing to the remarkable performance and concise solution-synthesized scheme. In the past decade, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a significant improvement in the photo-voltaic performances from a modest 3.81% to the recently certified highest values surpassing 24%. Nevertheless, issues constraining long-term stability and large-scale production still hinder the commercialization process of PSCs. Carbon nanomaterials, scoping from carbon-based quantum dots (QDs) to the two-dimensional graphene materials, have been widely utilized in perovskite device structures to enhance both the efficiency and stability of PSCs due to their outstanding chemical, elec-trical, and mechanical characteristics. In particular, the water-resistance property of specific carbon nanomaterials has significantly prevented the degradation of various function layers through impeding ambient moisture ingress, subsequently improving the long-term stability for PSCs. All of those unique properties have made nanocarbon one of the most potential materials to construct excellent photovoltaic performance PSCs with long-term stability. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive overview of extraordinary and notable efforts in implementing different carbon materials into individual function layers of perovskite device structure to simultaneously enhance their device efficiency and operating stability. Finally, we outline the prospects with a perspective on facing challenges and research directions of utilizing carbon materials in efficient and stable PSCs. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite architectures have shown great potential in the PV device community, with carbon nanomaterials being widely utilized to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs. However, challenges in long-term stability and large-scale production still hinder the commercialization of PSCs. Specific carbon nanomaterials have excellent water-resistance properties that significantly improve the long-term stability of PSCs by preventing moisture ingress.