Journal
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
Volume 6, Issue 8, Pages 2479-2490Publisher
KEAI PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.009
Keywords
Milk exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Drug delivery; Imaging agents; Theranostic applications
Funding
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
- NIH [R01 CA210192, R01 CA206069, R01 CA204552]
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Exosomes are unique extracellular vesicles that can carry a variety of substances and facilitate long-distance communication between cells. Milk exosomes, rich in nature and possessing favorable nanocarrier characteristics, show potential for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Exosomes are a unique subpopulation of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles which are smaller intracellular membrane nanoparticle vesicles. Exosomes have proven to be excellent nanocarriers for carrying lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and DNAs, and disseminating long-distance intercellular communications in various biological processes. Among various cell-line or biological fluid derived exosomes, milk exosomes are abundant in nature and exhibit many nanocarrier characteristics favorable for theranostic applications. To be an effective delivery carrier for their clinical translation, exosomes must inbuilt loading, release, targeting, and imaging/tracking characteristics. Considering the unmet gaps of milk exosomes in theranostic technology it is essential to focus the current review on drug delivery and imaging applications. This review delineates the efficiency of exosomes to load therapeutic or imaging agents and their successful delivery approaches. It is emphasized on possible modifications of exosomes towards increasing the stability and delivery of agents. This article also summarizes the specific applications and the process of developing milk exosomes as a future pharmaceutical drug delivery vehicle.
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