Journal
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.745078
Keywords
liver; injury; metabonomics; energy level; oxidative stress
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD0502303]
- National Technical System of Wool Sheep Industry [CARS39-08]
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The study showed that both high and low dietary energy levels can cause liver injury in ruminants, affecting oxidative stress enzyme activity, lipid metabolism, and protein oxidation levels, while activating proinflammatory cytokines. Metabonomic analysis revealed differential metabolites involved in various biochemical pathways, such as glycolipid, bile acid, and lipid metabolism, contributing to hepatic injury.
Liver injury threatens the overall health of an organism, as it is the core organ of the animal body. Liver metabolism is affected by numerous factors, with dietary energy level being a crucial one. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate hepatic injury and to describe its metabolic mechanism in ruminants fed diets with different dietary energy levels. A total of 25 Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep were fed diets with five dietary metabolic energy levels and were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: low energy (LE), medium-low energy (MLE), medium energy (ME), medium-high energy (MHE), and high energy (HE). The results revealed that the average optical density (AOD) of lipid droplets in the LE, MLE, and HE groups was higher than that in the ME and MHE groups. The enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was the lowest in the ME group. An increase in dietary energy level promoted the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and altered the malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) concentration quadratically. In addition, both high and low dietary energy levels upregulated the mRNA abundance of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 beta, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Metabonomic analysis revealed that 142, 77, 65, and 108 differential metabolites were detected in the LE, MLE, MHE, and HE groups, compared with ME group respectively. These metabolites were involved in various biochemical pathways, such as glycolipid, bile acid, and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, both high and low dietary energy levels caused hepatic injury. Section staining and metabonomic results revealed that hepatic injury might be caused by altered metabolism and lipid accumulation induced by lipid mobilization.
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