Xylan Structure and Dynamics in Native Brachypodium Grass Cell Walls Investigated by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

The polysaccharide composition and dynamics of the intact stem and leaf cell walls of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon are investigated to understand how developmental stage affects the polysaccharide structure of grass cell walls. 3C enrichment of the entire plant allowed detailed analysis of the xylan structure, side -chain functionalization, dynamics, and interaction with cellulose using magic-angle -spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Quantitative one-dimensional (1.)3C NMR spectra and twodimensional C-13 '3C correlation spectra indicate that stem and leaf cell walls contain less pectic polysaccharides compared to previously studied seedling primary cell walls. Between the stem and the leaf, the secondary cell wall -rich stem contains more xylan and more cellulose compared to the leaf. Moreover, the xylan chains are about twofold more acetylated and about 60% more ferulated in the stem. These highly acetylated and ferulated xylan chains adopt a twofold conformation more prevalently and interact more extensively with cellulose. These results support the notion that acetylated xylan is found more in the twofold screw conformation, which preferentially binds cellulose. This in turn promotes cellulose lignin interactions that are essential for the formation of the secondary cell wall.

Automated summary

The polysaccharide composition and dynamics of intact stem and leaf cell walls in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon were studied, revealing differences in xylan and cellulose content between stem and leaf cell walls at various developmental stages. Additionally, acetylated xylan chains were found to interact more extensively with cellulose in the stem, promoting cellulose lignin interactions essential for secondary cell wall formation.