Journal
PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants10061085
Keywords
ontogeny; Piper; secondary metabolites; seedlings
Categories
Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
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The chemical composition of seedlings and adult plants of several Piper species show significant differences, with adult leaves accumulating various secondary metabolites while seedlings produce entirely different compounds. This variation raises questions about changes in herbivore pressure across ontogeny.
The chemical composition of seedlings and adult plants of several Piper species were analyzed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and HPLC-DAD, HPLC-HRESIMS and GC-MS data. The chromatographic profile of crude extracts from leaves of Piper species showed remarkable differences between seedlings and adult plants. Adult leaves of P. regnellii accumulate dihydrobenzofuran neolignans, P. solmsianum contain tetrahydrofuran lignans, and prenylated benzoic acids are found in adult leaves of P. hemmendorffii and P. caldense. Seedlings produced an entirely different collection of compounds. Piper gaudichaudianum and P. solmsianum seedlings contain the phenylpropanoid dillapiole. Piper regnellii and P. hemmendorffii produce another phenylpropanoid, apiol, while isoasarone is found in P. caldense. Piper richadiaefolium and P. permucronatum contain dibenzylbutyrolactones lignans or flavonoids in adult leaves. Seedlings of P. richardiaefolium produce multiple amides, while P. permucronatum seedlings contain a new long chain ester. Piper tuberculatum, P. reticulatum and P. amalago produce amides, and their chemistry changes less during ontogeny. The chemical variation we documented opens questions about changes in herbivore pressure across ontogeny.
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