Journal
PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants10061070
Keywords
heavy metals; rice; paddy soil; health risk assessment
Categories
Funding
- Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) under the High Impact Center of Excellence (HICoE) grant scheme [UPM/ITAFoS/HICoE-2017/FS10/6369114]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Rice is a staple food globally, but heavy metal contamination in rice production poses a significant threat to both the paddy ecosystem and human health. Cadmium, arsenic, and lead are identified as the most prevalent metals, with mining, irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide usage being major sources. Health risk assessment through quantitative measurement is essential to identify potential risks from heavy metal exposure through rice consumption.
Rice is a worldwide staple food and heavy metal contamination is often reported in rice production. Heavy metal can originate from natural sources or be present through anthropogenic contamination. Therefore, this review summarizes the current status of heavy metal contamination in paddy soil and plants, highlighting the mechanism of uptake, bioaccumulation, and health risk assessment. A scoping search employing Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, Scopus, and Wiley Online was carried out to build up the review using the following keywords: heavy metals, absorption, translocation, accumulation, uptake, biotransformation, rice, and human risk with no restrictions being placed on the year of study. Cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) have been identified as the most prevalent metals in rice cultivation. Mining and irrigation activities are primary sources, but chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage also contribute to heavy metal contamination of paddy soil worldwide. Further to their adverse effect on the paddy ecosystem by reducing the soil fertility and grain yield, heavy metal contamination represents a risk to human health. An in-depth discussion is further offered on health risk assessments by quantitative measurement to identify potential risk towards heavy metal exposure via rice consumption, which consisted of in vitro digestion models through a vital ingestion portion of rice.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available