Biologically Active Compounds in Mustard Seeds: A Toxicological Perspective

Mustard plants have been widely cultivated and used as spice, medicine and as source of edible oils. Currently, the use of the seeds of the mustard species Sinapis alba (white mustard or yellow mustard), Brassica juncea (brown mustard) and Brassica nigra (black mustard) in the food and beverage industry is immensely growing due to their nutritional and functional properties. The seeds serve as a source for a wide range of biologically active components including isothiocyanates that are responsible for the specific flavor of mustard, and tend to reveal conflicting results regarding possible health effects. Other potentially undesirable or toxic compounds, such as bisphenol F, erucic acid or allergens, may also occur in the seeds and in mustard products intended for human consumption. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive information about potentially harmful compounds in mustard seeds and to evaluate potential health risks as an increasing use of mustard seeds is expected in the upcoming years.

Automated summary

Mustard plants are cultivated for use as spice, medicine, and edible oils. The seeds of different mustard species are increasingly used in the food and beverage industry due to their nutritional and functional properties, but they may contain harmful compounds. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential health risks associated with the consumption of mustard seeds.