Revolutionary technique for sustainable plant-based green coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment-A review

Chemical coagulants have been extensively used in wastewater treatment from industrial processes due to their removal efficiencies. Notwithstanding, recent studies have reported concerns over the existence of lingering or incurable diseases, resulting from residues of metals from these non-degradable chemical coagulants which remain in the water even after treatment. The sludge produced from the treatment has also been affirmed to be hazardous and non-biodegradable, causing harm to the environment. The potential application of plant-based coagulants as suitable alternatives to chemical coagulants due to their biodegradability, economical, nontoxic, and lower sludge volume, and treatment cost; is being studied in industrial wastewater treatment. Presented in this review is the state of heart of revolutionary technique for green coagulant preparation, their properties, and application in wastewater treatment. Highlighted is the current development on improving and purification techniques of the coagulants, and probable use of dual or combine coagulants. The review also critically identifies notable research gaps based on the current limitations in previous research to valorizing potential applications.

Automated summary

Chemical coagulants are widely used in industrial wastewater treatment for their removal efficiencies, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks and environmental harm caused by residues of metals and non-biodegradable sludge produced from the treatment. Plant-based coagulants are being studied as suitable alternatives due to their biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic properties, with current research focusing on improving purification techniques and the use of dual or combine coagulants.