Lipidomic Analysis to Assess Oxidative Stress in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Acute Stroke Patients

Alterations in lipid metabolism mediated by oxidative stress play a key role in the process of atherosclerosis and superimposed thrombosis; these can lead to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Multiple studies have shown that the formation of atheromatous lesions is initiated by oxidation of low-density lipoproteins incorporated into the intima of the vessel wall. Here, we studied lipids in plasma samples from three cohorts: 61 patients with ACS (group A), 49 patients with AIS (group D), and 82 controls (group K). Untargeted lipidomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was employed to obtain comprehensive information on whether relationships exist between these patient categories based on lipid patterns. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a standard marker of oxidative stress was monitored. The most characteristic lipids in group K were fatty acyls of hydroxyfatty acids (FAHFAs). As expected, MDA concentrations were the lowest in group K. Our findings can better explain ongoing pathologies, both acute and chronic, with the potential for future diagnosis and treatment.

Automated summary

Alterations in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress play key roles in atherosclerosis and thrombosis, leading to acute coronary syndrome and acute ischemic stroke. Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins is crucial in atheromatous lesion formation, with FAHFAs being characteristic in the control group. Monitoring of MDA concentrations as a marker of oxidative stress showed significant differences among the groups.