Individual focused studies of functional brain development in early human infancy

Across the perinatal period, the human brain undergoes a rapid yet highly programmed sequence of maturation. In this time, neural activity has a key role in establishing the brain's early circuits and guiding essential processes including cell differentiation, neuronal and axonal growth, arborization and synaptogenesis. fMRI studies of young infants hold great potential to understand developmental changes in systems wide activity and their relationship to regional growth and development. These studies have shown that the brain's activity rapidly evolves across the perinatal period, as neurovascular coupling matures and resting state networks are established. The high variability of spatial and temporal properties in functional activity may be attributed to the sensitivity of neurovascular coupling to developing cellular structure and connectivity as well as fluctuations in cerebral physiology, behavioral state, and pathology. Longitudinal studies may precisely explore these relationships and provide mechanistic understanding of the relationship between physiology, behavior, injury, and functional activity.

Automated summary

During the perinatal period, the human brain undergoes rapid and highly programmed maturation, where neural activity plays a crucial role. Functional MRI studies have great potential in understanding developmental changes in brain activity. The brain's activity evolves rapidly across the perinatal period, with high variability in functional activity attributed to neurovascular coupling sensitivity to developing cellular structure and connectivity.