Journal
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
Volume 45, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101035
Keywords
Multi energy carriers system; Demand response; Linearization; Relaxation; Bilevel optimization
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2019MS099]
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The study established an optimal operation model to address the issue of low participation in demand response programs, achieving the goal of increased revenue on the supply side and decreased costs on the demand side.
The demand response (DR) scheme could benefit both the supply side and demand side of multi energy carriers system (MECS) by reshaping the pricing signals. However, tremendous difficulties are introduced in designing a reasonable pricing mechanism to impart the enthusiasm for participating in the DR scheme. In this paper, an optimal operation model with high authenticity is established which is tractable after the model transformation, linearization, and relaxation techniques. Firstly, a bilevel optimal operation model considering the part load rate (PLR) characteristics of units and DR scheme under real-time pricing is developed. Secondly, Karush-KuhnTucker (KKT) conditions are utilized to transform this bilevel optimization problem into a single-level optimization. Thirdly, the piecewise linearization technique is described to cope with the non-linear PLR characteristics of the units. Finally, by applying the previous approach, a MILP formulation is formed which could be solved efficiently by the commercial solver. Case studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and approach and the simulation results show that the revenue of the supply side is increased by 45.20 $ and the cost of the demand side is decreased by 74.91 $ which means both sides could benefit from the DR scheme.
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