Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081090
Keywords
particulate matter; reactive oxygen species; inflammation; metastasis; perilla; rosmarinic acid rich fraction
Categories
Funding
- Thailand Research Fund (TRF)
- Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC) [MRG6180080]
- University of Phayao (Unit of Excellence) [FF64-UoE019]
- University of Phayao [RD62055]
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The study showed that RA-RF has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastasis properties by influencing the signaling pathways of c-Jun, p-65-NF-kappa B, and Akt.
Particulate matter from forest fires (PMFF) is an environmental pollutant causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer cell metastasis due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Perilla seed meal contains high levels of polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid (RA). The aim of this study is to determine the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-metastasis actions of rosmarinic acid rich fraction (RA-RF) from perilla seed meal and its underlying molecular mechanisms in A549 cells exposed to PMFF. PMFF samples were collected via the air sampler at the University of Phayao, Thailand, and their PAH content were analyzed using GC-MS. Fifteen PAH compounds were detected in PMFF. The PMFF significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9 activity, invasion, migration, the over-expression of c-Jun and p-65-NF-kappa B, and Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, the RA-RF significantly reduced ROS production, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and COX-2. RA-RF could also suppress MMP-9 activity, migration, invasion, and the phosphorylation activity of c-Jun, p-65-NF-kappa B, and Akt. Our findings revealed that RA-RF has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastasis properties via c-Jun, p-65-NF- kappa B, and Akt signaling pathways. RA-RF may be further developed as an inhalation agent for the prevention of lung inflammation and cancer metastasis induced by PM exposure.
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