Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 11, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11091311
Keywords
sphingomyelin; sphingolipids; Parkinson's disease; neurodegeneration
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Funding
- Ministero dell'Universita-Ricerca di Base
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Recent advances in research have shed light on the role of sphingomyelin in Parkinson's disease, with sphingomyelin being implicated in nerve impulse conduction and neurotransmitter receptor localization, possibly contributing to the development of Parkinson's disease.
Advances over the past decade have improved our understanding of the role of sphingolipid in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease. Much attention has been paid to ceramide derived molecules, especially glucocerebroside, and little on sphingomyelin, a critical molecule for brain physiopathology. Sphingomyelin has been proposed to be involved in PD due to its presence in the myelin sheath and for its role in nerve impulse transmission, in presynaptic plasticity, and in neurotransmitter receptor localization. The analysis of sphingomyelin-metabolizing enzymes, the development of specific inhibitors, and advanced mass spectrometry have all provided insight into the signaling mechanisms of sphingomyelin and its implications in Parkinson's disease. This review describes in vitro and in vivo studies with often conflicting results. We focus on the synthesis and degradation enzymes of sphingomyelin, highlighting the genetic risks and the molecular alterations associated with Parkinson's disease.
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