Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673813
Keywords
cell signaling; CD40; IFN-gamma; macrophage; endothelial; epithelial
Categories
Funding
- [NIH-R01 EY018341]
- [NIH-R01 EY019250]
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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can cause encephalitis and retinitis in humans, depending on its ability to form a parasitophorous vacuole for protection and replication. The vacuole can be targeted by autophagy, but the parasite has developed strategies to preserve its integrity. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of autophagy in regulating invasion into the brain and retina by T. gondii, with potential therapeutic applications being explored.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can cause encephalitis and retinitis in humans. The success of T. gondii as a pathogen depends in part on its ability to form an intracellular niche (parasitophorous vacuole) that allows protection from lysosomal degradation and parasite replication. The parasitophorous vacuole can be targeted by autophagy or by autophagosome-independent processes triggered by autophagy proteins. However, T. gondii has developed many strategies to preserve the integrity of the parasitophorous vacuole. Here, we review the interaction between T. gondii, autophagy, and autophagy proteins and expand on recent advances in the field, including the importance of autophagy in the regulation of invasion of the brain and retina by the parasite. We discuss studies that have begun to explore the potential therapeutic applications of the knowledge gained thus far.
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