4.4 Article

RV144 vaccine imprinting constrained HIV-1 evolution following breakthrough infection

Journal

VIRUS EVOLUTION
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab057

Keywords

HIV-1; vaccine; within-host evolution; sieve analysis

Categories

Funding

  1. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.
  2. U.S. Department of the Army [W81XWH07-2-0067, W81XWH-11-2-0174, W81XWH-18-2-0040]

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The study suggests that HIV-1 may adapt to a vaccine in the future, with specific Env signature sites being maintained in both vaccine and placebo groups, and fewer sites under diversifying selection in the vaccine group.
The scale of the HIV-1 epidemic underscores the need for a vaccine. The multitude of circulating HIV-1 strains together with HIV-1's high evolvability hints that HIV-1 could adapt to a future vaccine. Here, we wanted to investigate the effect of vaccination on the evolution of the virus post-breakthrough infection. We analyzed 2,635 HIV-1 env sequences sampled up to a year post-diagnosis from 110 vaccine and placebo participants who became infected in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. We showed that the Env signature sites that were previously identified to distinguish vaccine and placebo participants were maintained over time. In addition, fewer sites were under diversifying selection in the vaccine group than in the placebo group. These results indicate that HIV-1 would possibly adapt to a vaccine upon its roll-out.

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