Journal
AGRONOMY-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11091810
Keywords
sustainability; moisture sensor; economic optimization; crop yield
Categories
Funding
- project INNOREGA: RIEGO SOSTENIBLE BASADO EN MONITORIZACION DISTRIBUIDA E INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL by FEDER 2014-2020 (Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente, Junta de Andalucia) [PP.AVA. AVA2019.024]
- Junta de Andalucia
- European Regional Development Fund under the project IRRIGATE [PY20 RE 017]
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This paper introduces an irrigation predictive controller based on IoT technology to optimize water and energy consumption and maximize crop yield through irrigation periodicity. The study found that this control strategy can significantly reduce water and energy consumption while ensuring crop yield.
The growth of the global population, together with climate change and water scarcity, has made the shift towards efficient and sustainable agriculture increasingly important. Undoubtedly, the recent development of low-cost IoT-based sensors and actuators offers great opportunities in this direction since these devices can be easily deployed to implement advanced monitoring and irrigation control techniques at a farm scale, saving energy and water and decreasing costs. This paper proposes an economic and periodic predictive controller taking advantage of the irrigation periodicity. The goal of the controller is to find an irrigation technique that optimizes water and energy consumption while ensuring adequate levels of soil moisture for crops, achieving the maximum crop yield. For this purpose, the developed predictive controller makes use of soil moisture data at different depths, and it formulates a constrained optimization problem that considers energy and water costs, crop transpiration, and an accurate dynamical nonlinear model of the water dynamics in the soil, reflecting the reality. This controller strategy is compared with a classical irrigation strategy adopted by a human expert in a specific case study, demonstrating that it is possible to obtain significant reductions in water and energy consumption without compromising crop yields.
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