Journal
ANIMALS
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ani11082309
Keywords
probiotic; Lactobacillus; liver function; cholesterol; adipokine
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIT) [2020R1A2C2004128]
- Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) - Ministry of Education [2020R1A6C101A188]
- Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development, Rural Development Administration, Korea [PJ01316701]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A2C2004128, 2020R1A6C101A188] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus supplementation, have been shown to improve liver function and reduce cholesterol levels in Jeju native pigs. The study highlighted the importance of Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling and TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma cytokines in response to Lactobacillus in the gut and liver tissues, suggesting the potential use of probiotics in treating metabolic liver disorders, particularly cholesterol-related disorders.
Simple Summary Probiotics are used in the food industry as feed additives to maintain the balance of animal gut microbiota. They are also considered to have potential therapeutic effects against liver diseases. This study showed that dietary Lactobacillus supplementation improved liver function and reduced cholesterol levels in Jeju native pigs, with Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling as the primary response in the gut against Lactobacillus and TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma as the central mediator cytokines in the gut and liver tissues. Lactobacillus supplementation may be applied to treat metabolic disorders of the liver, especially cholesterol-related disorders, in farm animals. We evaluated the dietary effects of multiple probiotics in Jeju native pigs, using basal diet and multi-probiotic Lactobacillus (basal diet with 1% multi-probiotics) treatments (n = 9 each) for 3 months. We analyzed growth performance, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, blood parameters, hematological profiles, adipokines, and immune-related cytokines in pig tissues. Average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, and body weight were not significantly different between both groups. In Lactobacillus group, total protein (p < 0.08) and bilirubin (p < 0.03) concentrations increased; blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.08), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.08), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (p < 0.08) activities decreased. Lactobacillus group showed decreased adiponectin (p < 0.05), chemerin (p < 0.05), and visfatin expression in adipose tissues, and increased TLR4 (p < 0.05), MYD88 (p < 0.05), TNF-alpha (p < 0.001), and IFN-gamma (p < 0.001) expression in the liver. Additionally, NOD1 (p < 0.05), NOD2 (p < 0.01), and MYD88 (p < 0.05) mRNA levels in proximal colon tissue upregulated significantly. Colon, longissimus dorsi muscle, fat tissue, and liver histological analyses revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusively, Lactobacillus supplementation improved liver function and reduced cholesterol levels. Its application may treat metabolic liver disorders, especially cholesterol-related disorders.
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