Journal
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab359
Keywords
cellular immunity; COVID-19; humoral immunity; immunocompromise; lymphoma; SARS-CoV-2
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [GNT 1160963, GNT 1142613]
- NHMRC [1173871, GNT1196103]
- NHMRC EL1 Fellowship [1194036]
- Melbourne International Research Scholarship
- University of Melbourne
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1194036] Funding Source: NHMRC
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In a lymphoma patient recently treated with PD-1 inhibitor therapy, late onset severe COVID-19 disease and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication were observed, with severely impaired immune responses and absence of virus-specific antibodies. This case highlights the challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts who may fail to mount effective virus-specific immune responses.
We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immune responses in a patient with lymphoma and recent programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy with late onset of severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication, in comparison to age-matched and immunocompromised controls. High levels of HLA-DR+/CD38(+) activation, interleukin 6, and interleukin 18 in the absence of B cells and PD-1 expression was observed. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were absent and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were minimally detected. This case highlights challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts who may fail to mount effective virus-specific immune responses.
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