Journal
PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081290
Keywords
andrographolide; nanoemulsion; microfluidization; design of experiment; central composite design; optimization; transdermal drug delivery; skin cancer; tyrosinase inhibitor; UVB irradiation
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Funding
- Research Fund of Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University under the Specialized Grant, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Development Center [TU-S 2/2019]
- Thammasat University Research Fund [TUGG 115/2562]
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Drug, Health Product Development and Application (DHP-DA) [6305001]
- Thammasat Posdoctoral Fellowship 2021 [TUPD 18/2564]
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The active compound Andrographolide was isolated from Andrographis paniculata, but its low water solubility posed challenges for product development. An AG-loaded nanoemulsion was prepared to address this issue. The study found that the optimized AG-NE had cytotoxic effects on skin cancer cells and improved skin disorders caused by UVB radiation.
Andrographolide (AG) is an active compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Family Acanthaceae). Although it possesses beneficial bioactivities to the skin, there is insufficient information of its applications for treatment of skin disorders due to low water solubility leading to complications in product development. To overcome the problem, an AG-loaded nanoemulsion (AG-NE) was formulated and prepared using a microfluidization technique. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pressure and the number of homogenization cycles (factors) on droplet size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of AG-NE (responses) and to determine the effect of AG-NE on skin cancer cells and UVB irradiation-induced skin disorders in rats. Relationships between factors versus responses obtained from the face-centered central composite design were described by quadratic models. The optimum value of parameters for the production of optimized AG-NE (Op-AG-NE) were 20,000 psi of pressure and 5 homogenization cycles. Op-AG-NE showed promising cytotoxicity effects on the human malignant melanoma- (A375 cells) and non-melanoma cells (A-431 cells) via apoptosis induction with a high selectivity index and also inhibited intracellular tyrosinase activity in the A375 cells. Op-AG-NE could reduce melanin index and healed UVB irradiation exposed skin. Op-AG-NE thus had potential for treatment of skin cancers and skin disorders from exposure to UVB radiation.
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