Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1197
Keywords
Cryoprotective agents; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Hematopoietic stem cells; Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells & nbsp;; Induced pluripotent stem cells
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Funding
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [118S738, 219S675]
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Despite the widespread use of DMSO as a cryoprotective agent for stem cells, studies have shown that it may affect cell characteristics. Various alternatives to DMSO have shown promise for use as cryoprotectants.
Despite a vast amount of different methods, protocols and cryoprotective agents (CPA), stem cells are often frozen using standard protocols that have been optimized for use with cell lines, rather than with stem cells. Relatively few comparative studies have been performed to assess the effects of cryopreservation methods on these stem cells. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been a key agent for the development of cryobiology and has been used universally for cryopreservation. However, the use of DMSO has been associated with in vitro and in vivo toxicity and has been shown to affect many cellular processes due to changes in DNA methylation and dysregulation of gene expression. Despite studies showing that DMSO may affect cell characteristics, DMSO remains the CPA of choice, both in a research setting and in the clinics. However, numerous alternatives to DMSO have been shown to hold promise for use as a CPA and include albumin, trehalose, sucrose, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and many more. Here, we will discuss the use, advantages and disadvantages of these CPAs for cryopreservation of different types of stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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