Journal
CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10071827
Keywords
mitotherapy; mitochondria; therapy; neurodegeneration; central nervous system
Categories
Funding
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES) [001]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Instituto Serrapilheira
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Mitochondria are essential for aerobic respiration and the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is associated with various pathological conditions, and transplanting metabolically active mitochondria has shown therapeutic potential in disease models. Research on mitotherapy as a promising approach for treatment is advancing with promising outcomes.
Mitochondria are key players of aerobic respiration and the production of adenosine triphosphate and constitute the energetic core of eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, cells rely upon mitochondria homeostasis, the disruption of which is reported in pathological processes such as liver hepatotoxicity, cancer, muscular dystrophy, chronic inflammation, as well as in neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, ischemia and glaucoma. In addition to the well-known spontaneous cell-to-cell transfer of mitochondria, a therapeutic potential of the transplant of isolated, metabolically active mitochondria has been demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo experimental models of disease. This review explores the striking outcomes achieved by mitotherapy thus far, and the most relevant underlying data regarding isolated mitochondria transplantation, including mechanisms of mitochondria intake, the balance between administration and therapy effectiveness, the relevance of mitochondrial source and purity and the mechanisms by which mitotherapy is gaining ground as a promising therapeutic approach.
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