Journal
CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10061336
Keywords
autopolyploidy; molecular analysis; ploidy variability; somatic embryogenesis; stomatal characteristics; grapevine
Categories
Funding
- Regione Siciliana [94750767637]
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Polyploidy plays an important role in plant adaptation to stresses. In grapevine plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis, alterations in ploidy level can result in anatomical and morphological changes, such as increased stomata size and chloroplast number, and decreased stomatal index. These observed morphological alterations could be beneficial for breeding grapevine varieties in changing environments.
Polyploidy plays an important role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Alterations of the ploidy in grapevine plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis (SE) may provide a source of genetic variability useful for the improvement of agronomic characteristics of crops. In the grapevine, the SE induction process may cause ploidy changes without alterations in DNA profile. In the present research, tetraploid plants were observed for 9.3% of 'Frappato' grapevine somatic embryos regenerated in medium supplemented with the growth regulators beta-naphthoxyacetic acid (10 mu M) and N-6-benzylaminopurine (4.4 mu M). Autotetraploid plants regenerated via SE without detectable changes in the DNA profiles were transferred in field conditions to analyze the effect of polyploidization. Different ploidy levels induced several anatomical and morphological changes of the shoots and mature leaves. Alterations have been also observed in stomata. The length and width of stomata of tetraploid leaves were 39.9 and 18.6% higher than diploids, respectively. The chloroplast number per guard cell pair was higher (5.2%) in tetraploid leaves. On the contrary, the stomatal index was markedly decreased (12%) in tetraploid leaves. The observed morphological alterations might be useful traits for breeding of grapevine varieties in a changing environment.
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