Journal
CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10082122
Keywords
herpesvirus; HSV; HCMV; KSHV; innate immune response; antiviral host response; intrinsic immunity; innate immunity
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [AI150931, CA062220, CA068782]
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When a host cell is infected by a viral pathogen, the interferon system will initiate attacks, accumulating antiviral proteins and protective cytokines. However, viruses often evolve mechanisms to undermine host immune responses.
Infection of a host cell by an invading viral pathogen triggers a multifaceted antiviral response. One of the most potent defense mechanisms host cells possess is the interferon (IFN) system, which initiates a targeted, coordinated attack against various stages of viral infection. This immediate innate immune response provides the most proximal defense and includes the accumulation of antiviral proteins, such as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), as well as a variety of protective cytokines. However, viruses have co-evolved with their hosts, and as such, have devised distinct mechanisms to undermine host innate responses. As large, double-stranded DNA viruses, herpesviruses rely on a multitude of means by which to counter the antiviral attack. Herein, we review the various approaches the human herpesviruses employ as countermeasures to the host innate immune response.
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