Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122641
Keywords
hepatocellular carcinoma; magnetic resonance imaging; diffusion weighted MRI; non-Gaussian DWI; Intravoxel Incoherent Motion; Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging; Stretched Exponential
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Funding
- Ricerca Corrente Grant from Italian Ministry of Health (IRCCS SDN)
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The importance of non-Gaussian DWI models in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been explored, but results are variable and consensus is lacking. Although the parameters of these models may have potential relevance in HCC, further research is needed to establish a standardized DWI acquisition protocol.
The importance of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely handled in the literature. Due to the mono-exponential model limitations, several studies recently investigated the role of non-Gaussian DWI models in HCC. However, their results are variable and inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize current knowledge on non-Gaussian DWI techniques in HCC. A systematic search of the literature, including PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases, was performed to identify original articles since 2010 that evaluated the role of non-Gaussian DWI models for HCC diagnosis, grading, response to treatment, and prognosis. Studies were grouped and summarized according to the non-Gaussian DWI models investigated. We focused on the most used non-Gaussian DWI models (Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), and Stretched Exponential-SE). The quality of included studies was evaluated by using QUADAS-2 and QUIPS tools. Forty-three articles were included, with IVIM and DKI being the most investigated models. Although the role of non-Gaussian DWI models in clinical settings has not fully been established, our findings showed that their parameters may potentially play a role in HCC. Further studies are required to identify a standardized DWI acquisition protocol for HCC diagnosis, grading, response to treatment, and prognosis.
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