Electrowetting of a leaky dielectric droplet under a time-periodic electric field

The wetting and contact line dynamics of a leaky dielectric sessile droplet under an alternating (ac) electrostatic field applied in the vertical direction is investigated. A thin precursor film-based reduced-order model using the weighted residual integral boundary layer technique is developed. The limiting cases of perfect conducting and perfect dielectric droplets are also considered. It is shown that the droplet oscillates with a frequency twice that of the forcing potential due to the quadratic dependence of the Maxwell stress on the applied ac electric field. These oscillations take place about an equilibrium configuration, which can be achieved with a constant (dc) electric potential equivalent to the root-mean-square potential of the applied ac field. It is also shown that the contact line motion increases monotonically with the amplitude of the ac electric forcing. A significant increase in ac field leads to spiking and the interface ruptures at the top electrode. Depending on the static contact angle, the droplet deformation can become nonmonotonic as the applied frequency of the ac electric field increases. This behavior is attributed to the competition between the timescale of forcing and the timescale of the response as affected by the drop's wettability. The role of conductivity ratio, permittivity ratio, and different waveforms of ac forcing are also investigated.

Automated summary

This study investigates the wetting and contact line dynamics of a leaky dielectric sessile droplet under an alternating electrostatic field applied in the vertical direction. The droplet oscillates with a frequency twice that of the forcing potential due to the quadratic dependence of the Maxwell stress on the applied ac electric field, and the contact line motion increases monotonically with the amplitude of the ac electric forcing. A significant increase in ac field may lead to spiking and interface ruptures at the top electrode.