Journal
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
Volume 6, Issue 7, Pages 2413-2426Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00776
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Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK
- Rhodes Trust
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) for Science and Applications of Plastic Electronic Materials
- TUM-IAS
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Mixed tin-lead halide perovskites have shown promise for efficient photovoltaic applications, with increased tin content enhancing charge-carrier mobility while facing challenges such as tin oxidation. Despite obstacles, there are still promising future directions for this technology.
Mixed tin-lead halide perovskites have recently emerged as highly promising materials for efficient single- and multi-junction photovoltaic devices. This Focus Review discusses the optoelectronic properties that underpin this performance, clearly differentiating between intrinsic and defect-mediated mechanisms. We show that from a fundamental perspective, increasing tin fraction may cause increases in attainable charge-carrier mobilities, decreases in exciton binding energies, and potentially a slowing of charge-carrier cooling, all beneficial for photovoltaic applications. We discuss the mechanisms leading to significant bandgap bowing along the tin-lead series, which enables attractive near-infrared bandgaps at intermediate tin content. However, tin-rich stoichiometries still suffer from tin oxidation and vacancy formation which often obscures the fundamentally achievable performance, causing high background hole densities, accelerating charge-carrier recombination, lowering charge-carrier mobilities, and blue-shifting absorption onsets through the Burstein-Moss effect. We evaluate impacts on photovoltaic device performance, and conclude with an outlook on remaining challenges and promising future directions in this area.
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