Journal
COATINGS
Volume 11, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070772
Keywords
biobased carbon materials; meso- and microporous carbons; dye adsorption; chemical adsorption; electrostatic interactions
Categories
Funding
- Treesearch Postdoctoral program, Bio4Energy-a Strategic Research Environment
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
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Biobased carbon materials were produced from Norway spruce bark using single-step chemical activation and pyrolysis. The KOH-BBC had higher surface area, larger pore volume, and more hydrophilic surface compared to ZnCl2-BBC, but with lower carbon yield. Both BBCs showed high efficiency in removing dyes and treating synthetic effluents, with KOH-BBC being superior in purification ability.
Biobased carbon materials (BBC) obtained from Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) bark was produced by single-step chemical activation with ZnCl2 or KOH, and pyrolysis at 800 degrees C for one hour. The chemical activation reagent had a significant impact on the properties of the BBCs. KOH-biobased carbon material (KOH-BBC) had a higher specific surface area (S-BET), equal to 1067 m(2) g(-1), larger pore volume (0.558 cm(3) g(-1)), more mesopores, and a more hydrophilic surface than ZnCl2-BBC. However, the carbon yield for KOH-BBC was 63% lower than for ZnCl2-BBC. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of the two BBCs to remove two dyes, reactive orange 16 (RO-16) and reactive blue 4 (RB-4), and treat synthetic effluents. The general order model was most suitable for modeling the adsorption kinetics of both dyes and BBCs. The equilibrium parameters at 22 degrees C were calculated using the Liu model. Upon adsorption of RO-16, Q(max) was 90.1 mg g(-1) for ZnCl2-BBC and 354.8 mg g(-1) for KOH-BBC. With RB-4, Qmax was 332.9 mg g(-1) for ZnCl2-BBC and 582.5 mg g(-1) for KOH-BBC. Based on characterization and experimental data, it was suggested that electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds between BBCs and RO-16 and RB-4 dyes played the most crucial role in the adsorption process. The biobased carbon materials showed high efficiency for removing RO-16 and RB-4, comparable to the best examples from the literature. Additionally, both the KOH- and ZnCl2-BBC showed a high ability to purify two synthetic effluents, but the KOH-BBC was superior.
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