Impact of steel type, composition and heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment

In recent years, promising technique of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is taking a new step in improving properties of various materials, especially steels. This study is focusing on influence of selected heat treatment process involving deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and microstructural evolution of four different steel grades (bearing steel 100Cr6, cold work tool steel X210Cr12, hot work tool steel X38CrMoV5-3 and stainless steel X17CrNi16-2). The study was performed for different heat treatment conditions, focused on effectiveness of DCT when using different austenitizing and tempering temperatures. The evolution of the microstructure was investigated in a sequential manner with various analytical techniques. The study indicates that the microstructure and microstructural evolution and changes are strongly related to the chemical composition of steel and the predefined matrix microstructure. DCT increases precipitation of carbides and induce their more homogenous distribution. The magnitude of increased carbide precipitation after DCT is correlated with the higher carbon content, whereas the content of other alloying elements does not scale with the precipitation behavior. The obtained results indicate that incorporation of DCT with heat treatment with higher austenitizing and lower tempering temperature is the most suitable for improving steels' properties with DCT, due to the stronger impact of DCT on the carbide precipitation and matrix modification. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

The study shows that deep cryogenic treatment can enhance carbide precipitation and promote more homogeneous distribution in steels. The effectiveness of DCT is influenced by the chemical composition of the steel and the predefined matrix microstructure. Incorporating DCT with higher austenitizing and lower tempering temperatures in heat treatment process is the most suitable for improving steels’ properties with DCT.