Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages 440-448Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.065
Keywords
Heavy metal removal; Alkali-activated material; Palm oil fuel ash; Hydroxide precipitation
Funding
- Center of Excel-lence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) [EHTR05001/2563]
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The study utilized palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to synthesize an alkali-activated material (AAM) for treating Cu and Zn contaminated wastewater using hydroxide precipitation method. By adjusting the retention time and pH value of the solution, the concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were reduced below the standard allowances.
Heavy-metal-contaminated wastewater is harmful to human beings as well as to the environment. Heavy metals are easily soluble in acidic conditions; thus, chemical treatment is necessary for this type of wastewater. Hydroxide precipitation of heavy metals is a simple and low-cost process that was used in this research. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was used to synthesize an alkali-activated material (AAM) for use as a pH modifier and hydroxide (OH- ion) releasing agent in Cu and Zn contaminated solutions. The released hydroxide reacts with Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions and forms metal hydroxide, which was removed from the wastewater by precipitation. The final concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions in the solution were lower than the standard allowances of 5 and 2 ppm, respectively. The retention time and pH value of the solution played an important role in the final concentration of metal ions. The hydroxide precipitate was removed from the solution by a simple filtration process. Tests also showed that the POFA alkali-activated material could be reused. The precipitation method using POFA alkali-activated material is, therefore, a simple and cost-effective method for wastewater treatment. Heavy-metal-contaminated agricultural wastes can be converted into useful composite, leading to green and sustainable products. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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