Journal
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.705567
Keywords
twin-twin transfusion syndrome; hyperemesis gravidarum; hyperthyroidism; human chorionic gonadotropin; fetoscopic laser coagulation of placental anastomoses
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Funding
- Leenaards Foundation Fellowship for Academic Promotion in Clinical Medicine
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This case report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and collaborative treatment in maternal thyrotoxicosis linked to TTTS. The symptoms improved after FLC procedure, emphasizing the need for close monitoring and management in similar cases.
Background: Limited data have shown that, compared to uncomplicated twin pregnancies, pregnancies complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), a life-threatening condition, are associated with higher maternal serum levels of both human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and thyroid hormones. With the continuing expansion of assisted reproductive technologies, the rate of twin pregnancies, including those complicated by TTTS and associated hyperemesis gravidarum, is expected to increase further. Therefore, detailed descriptions of the maternal and fetal clinical outcomes of maternal thyrotoxicosis linked to TTTS can be useful for timely diagnosis and management. However, such descriptions are currently lacking in the literature. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 30-year-old woman carrying a monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated by TTTS that induced a relapse of severe hyperemesis gravidarum with overt non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism at 17 weeks of gestation. Following fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC), both hyperemesis and hyperthyroidism improved within 1 week. Conclusions: The present experience contributes to the knowledge base on maternal thyrotoxicosis linked to TTTS and can be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of future cases; it also emphasizes the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion and for close collaboration between endocrinologists and obstetricians. Another key point is that TTTS-associated hyperemesis gravidarum and maternal hyperthyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of refractory or relapsing hyperemesis gravidarum in women with monochorionic twin pregnancy, because this condition may require more stringent supportive treatment before and during the FLC procedure when the mother is overtly hyperthyroid.
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