Journal
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680633
Keywords
epigenetics; histones; lysine demethylases; small molecule inhibitors; cancer; melanoma
Categories
Funding
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) program [633004]
- Cancer Council New South Wales (CCNSW) [RG 18-05]
- Cancer Council NSW [RG 21-07]
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This review focuses on the structure, classification, and functions of lysine demethylases (KDMs) in normal and cancer biology, with an emphasis on melanoma. Aberrant lysine demethylase activity has been implicated in various cancers. There are knowledge gaps regarding the role of KDMs in melanoma pathobiology.
Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes including carcinogenesis. A major group of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications are lysine demethylases (KDMs) also known as erasers which remove methyl groups on lysine (K) amino acids of histones. Numerous studies have implicated aberrant lysine demethylase activity in a variety of cancers, including melanoma. This review will focus on the structure, classification and functions of KDMs in normal biology and the current knowledge of how KDMs are deregulated in cancer pathogenesis, emphasizing our interest in melanoma. We highlight the current knowledge gaps of KDMs in melanoma pathobiology and describe opportunities to increases our understanding of their importance in this disease. We summarize the progress of several pre-clinical compounds that inhibit KDMs and represent promising candidates for further investigation in oncology.
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