Stable tin perovskite solar cells developed via additive engineering

Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are promising for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and have led to extensive research; however, the poor crystallinity and chemical stability of tin perovskites are two issues that prevent stable TPSCs. In this study, we outline a new process that addresses these issues by using tin(II) acetate (Sn(Ac)(2)) in place of the conventional SnF2 precursor additive. Compared with SnF2, Sn(Ac)(2) improves the crystallinity and stability of tin perovskite with fewer defects and better charge extraction. Using this process, we developed a device that has a higher external quantum efficiency for charge extraction compared with the control devices and a power conversion efficiency of 9.93%, which maintained more than 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h operation at the maximum power point under standard AM 1.5G solar illumination.

Automated summary

This study introduces a new process using tin(II) acetate to improve the crystallinity and stability of tin perovskite solar cells, resulting in better charge extraction and reduced defects. The developed device shows a higher external quantum efficiency for charge extraction compared to control devices, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 9.93% and maintaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation under standard AM 1.5G solar illumination.