Journal
SEMINARS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 2, Pages 215-225Publisher
THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729743
Keywords
venous malformation; sclerotherapy; pediatric; interventional radiology; embolization
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Venous malformations are slow-flow, congenital vascular anomalies that require a multidisciplinary approach for comprehensive care. Treatment can be challenging, and various techniques need to be considered to minimize adverse events and achieve expected outcomes.
Venous malformations (VMs) are slow-flow, congenital vascular anomalies that are a result of vascular dysgenesis. Clinical presentation and morbidity depend on size, location, and association with other syndromes. VMs are the most common symptomatic vascular anomaly referred for intervention, usually due to thrombosis, swelling, mass effect, functional compromise, or cosmetic concerns. Treatment for larger lesions can be challenging and a multidisciplinary approach involving medical, interventional, and surgical input is critical for comprehensive care. This article will assist the interventional radiologist in patient assessment and will discuss current techniques for treatment, means to minimize adverse events, and expected outcomes.
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