Journal
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Volume 267, Issue -, Pages 59-75Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.023
Keywords
Dry ravel; Debris flow; Overland flow; Surface erosion; Cinder cone; Monogenetic; Basalt; Pyroclast; Digital terrain analysis; Debris apron
Funding
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment at Massey University (New Zealand)
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Conical volcanic edifices that are made up from lapilli to block/bomb pyroclastic successions, such as scoria cones, are widespread in terrestrial and extraterrestrial settings. Eruptive processes responsible for establishing the final facies architecture of a scoria cone are not well linked to numerical simulations of their post-eruptive sediment transport. Using sedimentological, geomorphic and 2D fragment morphology data from a 15-Icy-old scoria cone from the Cima Volcanic Field, California, this study provides field evidence of the various post-eruptive sediment transport and degradation processes of scoria cones located in arid to semi-arid environments. This study has revealed that pyroclast morphologies vary downslope due to syn-eruptive granular flows, along with post eruptive modification by rolling, bouncing and sliding of individual particles down a slope, and overland flow processes. The variability of sediment transport rates on hillslopes are not directly controlled by local slope angle variability and the flank length but rather by grain size, and morphological characteristics of particles, such as shape irregularity of pyroclast fragments and block/lapilli ratio. Due to the abundance of hillslopes degrading in unvegetated regions, such as those found in the Southwestern USA, granulometric influences should be accounted for in the formulation of sediment transport laws for geomorphic modification of volcanic terrains over long geologic time. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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