Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692997
Keywords
interleukin; IL-17; comparative genomics; mucosal immunity; evolution; cytokines; comparative immunology; mussel
Categories
Funding
- Spanish AEI/EU-FEDER [RTI2018-095997-B-I00, BES-2016-076302]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Interreg V Spain-Portugal [0474_BLUEBIOLAB]
- Conselleria de Economia, Emprego e Industria -GAIN, Xunta de Galicia [IN607B 2019/01]
- EU H2020, project VIVALDI [678589]
- Spanish AEI/EU-FSE [PRE2019-090760]
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The study investigated the evolution of IL-17 gene family and observed a significant expansion in marine molluscs, particularly in mussels. It was found that IL-17 isoforms in mussels were conserved among individuals and shared between closely related species, with specific isoforms responding to a waterborne infection. The involvement of IL-17 in mucosal immune responses might be conserved in higher vertebrates from ancestral lineages.
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family consists of proinflammatory cytokines conserved during evolution. A comparative genomics approach was applied to examine IL-17 throughout evolution from poriferans to higher vertebrates. Cnidaria was highlighted as the most ancient diverged phylum, and several evolutionary patterns were revealed. Large expansions of the IL-17 repertoire were observed in marine molluscs and echinoderm species. We further studied this expansion in filter-fed Mytilus galloprovincialis, which is a bivalve with a highly effective innate immune system supported by a variable pangenome. We recovered 379 unique IL-17 sequences and 96 receptors from individual genomes that were classified into 23 and 6 isoforms after phylogenetic analyses. Mussel IL-17 isoforms were conserved among individuals and shared between closely related Mytilidae species. Certain isoforms were specifically implicated in the response to a waterborne infection with Vibrio splendidus in mussel gills. The involvement of IL-17 in mucosal immune responses could be conserved in higher vertebrates from these ancestral lineages.
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