Targeting Purinergic Receptor P2RX1 Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Alleviates Inflammation in Colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic target of inflammation-associated diseases. However, little is known about the specific roles of purinergic receptors in IBD. In the present study, expression profile of purinergic receptors was screened in the public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, and we found that expression of P2RX1 was significantly upregulated in inflamed colon tissues. Then, purinergic receptor P2RX1 was genetically ablated in the background of C57BL/6 mice, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce mice colitis. RNA sequencing results of colon tissues showed that genetic knockout of P2RX1 suppressed the inflammation responses in DSS-induced mice colitis. Flow cytometry indicated that neutrophil infiltration was inhibited in P2RX1 ablated mice. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed major differences of intestinal microbiota between WT and P2RX1 ablated mice. Functional metagenomics prediction indicated that the indole alkaloid biogenesis pathway was upregulated in P2RX1 gene ablated mice. Further studies revealed that microbiota metabolites (indole alkaloid)-involved aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/IL-22 axis was associated with the beneficial effects of P2RX1 ablation. Finally, we found that a specific P2RX1 inhibitor succeeded to improve the therapeutic efficiency of anti-TNF-alpha therapy in DSS-induced mice colitis. Therefore, our study suggests that targeting purinergic receptor P2RX1 may provide novel therapeutic strategy for IBD.

Automated summary

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Purinergic signaling is a potential therapeutic target for IBD, with purinergic receptor P2RX1 playing a significant role in regulating inflammation in colon tissues. Genetic knockout of P2RX1 reduces inflammation and neutrophil infiltration, alters gut microbiota, upregulates the indole alkaloid biogenesis pathway, and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/IL-22 axis to provide therapeutic benefits. Targeting P2RX1 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for IBD, with P2RX1 inhibitor enhancing the efficacy of anti-TNF-alpha therapy in mouse colitis models.