Journal
CRYSTALS
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cryst11060691
Keywords
aircraft icing; anti-icing; drop impinging; ice coverage
Funding
- Experiments for Space Exploration Program
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory, China Academy of Space Technology [TKTSPY-2020-01-01]
- Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing [IADL20200103]
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This study experimentally investigates the impact and freezing of a water drop on a supercooled substrate, revealing two freezing regimes and the counterintuitive relationship between supercooling and ice coverage. The fundamental understanding gained from this research can benefit the design of new anti-icing technologies for aircraft.
Icing/snowing/frosting is ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes, and the accretion of ice mostly leads to catastrophic consequences. The existing understanding of icing is still limited, particularly for aircraft icing, where direct observation of the freezing dynamics is inaccessible. In this work, we investigate experimentally the impact and freezing of a water drop onto the supercooled substrate at extremely low vapor pressure, to mimic an aircraft passing through clouds at a relatively high altitude, engendering icing upon collisions with pendant drops. Special attention is focused on the ice coverage induced by an impinging drop, from the perimeter pointing outward along the radial direction. We observed two freezing regimes: (I) spread-recoil-freeze at the substrate temperature of T-s = -15.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C and (II) spread (incomplete)-freeze at the substrate temperature of T-s = -22.1 +/- 0.2 degrees C. The ice coverage is approximately one order of magnitude larger than the frozen drop itself, and counterintuitively, larger supercooling yields smaller ice coverage in the range of interest. We attribute the variation of ice coverage to the kinetics of vapor diffusion in the two regimes. This fundamental understanding benefits the design of new anti-icing technologies for aircraft.
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