Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app11125695
Keywords
biocleaning; bioconsolidation; biocalcification; biopolymers; carbonatogenic bacteria; cultural heritage; MICP; microorganisms; stone restoration
Categories
Funding
- CONACYT [CB-2015-01 257449]
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Careful restoration of stone cultural heritage buildings is necessary, with traditional conservation treatments being replaced by more environmentally friendly bioconservation methods.
Cultural heritage buildings of stone construction require careful restorative actions to maintain them as close to the original condition as possible. This includes consolidation and cleaning of the structure. Traditional consolidants may have poor performance due to structural drawbacks such as low adhesion, poor penetration and flexibility. The requirement for organic consolidants to be dissolved in volatile organic compounds may pose environmental and human health risks. Traditional conservation treatments can be replaced by more environmentally acceptable, biologically-based, measures, including bioconsolidation using whole bacterial cells or cell biomolecules; the latter include plant or microbial biopolymers and bacterial cell walls. Biocleaning can employ microorganisms or their extracted enzymes to remove inorganic and organic surface deposits such as sulfate crusts, animal glues, biofilms and felt tip marker graffiti. This review seeks to provide updated information on the innovative bioconservation treatments that have been or are being developed.
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